Community Composting - The New Community Gardening

 Community Composting has become the Community Gardening of the 2020’s. Now, community gardening is thriving throughout the United Staes and in many other countries. New community gardens are being created regularly and cities large and small are providing support for community gardens. So much so that you could say community gardens have become mainstream. In most places, community gardeners do not have to convince elected officials or municipal agencies to support them or not to destroy their garden, a fate community gardeners over the years have faced. 

This fact was brought home to me recently when I visited a photographic exhibit, The Community Gardener Portrait Project at the New York City Parks Department Gallery called the Arsenal. The photographs by Zachary Schulman were excellent portraits showing the diversity of NYC Community Gardeners. The fact that Community Gardens and Community Gardeners were being celebrated Is an indication of the support the gardeners receive from the city. There are struggles in some gardens where development pressures exist but the real struggle in New York City is for the community composting programs and sites.

The Mayor and the Sanitation Department cut all funds for Community Composting Projects in a round of budget cuts announced in November of 2023. A yearly budget of $3 million was cut to zero. Over the years the Department of Sanitation (DOS) and the mayors who have and are controlling the agency have flip flopped on supporting composting in general and now community composting. Community Composting funding is just a drop in the bucket of the overall DOS budget yet it provides a service whose benefits far outweigh the cost. It is a way for any resident of New York City to make sure that their food scraps get composted and the product used in city parks, community gardens and private residences. Additional benefits include reducing New York City’s waste steam and providing meaningful jobs.

According to Waste Today magazine, “Community organizations across New York City compost 8.3 million pounds of food waste annually and distribute over 1.7 million pounds of locally made compost to parks, gardens and residents”. While these numbers may seem impressive, the Department of Sanitation collects 24 million pounds of trash, recycling and compost EVERY DAY. The numbers are staggering and point to the need for more focus on the first R of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle to reduce the amount of waste, cost and carbon footprint of New York City.

Since the budget cuts went into effect several donors have stepped up to support community composting and save jobs. An anonymous donor has given an undisclosed sum of money to GrowNYC to continue their program and save 65 jobs until the new fiscal year which starts July 1. A little bit of guestimatiing would place that donation at somewhere around $750,000. A company that makes composting bins for home use, Mill, along with other philanthropists donated an additional $350,000 to support Big Reuse, Earth Matter and the Lower East Side Ecology Center Community Composting efforts and save over 40 jobs. While this support is admirable, private funding of municipal projects sets a bad precedent and should not be expected to replace funding that the city should provide.

The way Community Composting works it that residents save their compostable waste like banana peels and other leftovers, often freezing them until they can be dropped off at a local farmers market, Community Garden or other drop off site. From these drop off sites the compostables are trucked to Governors Island, Queens or the Lower East Side where the scraps are mixed - usually with wood chips and is broken down into a usable product, compost. The final product is delivered to parks, community gardens and given away to private homeowner to fertilize the soil, minimize weeds and lessen the need for watering. In the case of Earth Matter on Governor’s Island the compost is used on plantings on the island.

The material is all handled locally so it does have to be transported long distances and many people are involved in the process. Recently the DOS has begun curbside pickup of compostables which is one of the reasons they want to move away from Community Composting. However, that program can only be enhanced by the outreach and education about composting provided by the organizations involved in Community Composting.

Many of the workers in the Community Composting programs are young people dedicated to do their part to ensure environmental sustainability. This is why I say that Community Composting is the new Community Gardening. Community Gardeners from the 1970’s until today saw that they could make an impact in their communities and community gardening on underutilized land provided that opportunity. Today there are very few remaining spaces to start a community garden in New York City but the organic waste problem exists. 

 I believe that the city cut the Community Composting budget because of its' grassroots nature. This is exactly what Community Gardeners faced in the early years. Community Gardens have come to be accepted but it took many years to get to that point. Community Composting’s benefits should be clear enough that it doesn’t have to take protests, private funding and petitions to convince the politicians to support Community Composting. Local solutions to environmental problems whether that be starting a community garden to make your neighborhood more livable or small scale local composting projects like Community Composting are good for us all. 

Oral History of New York City Community Gardens

 Over the past couple of years I have interviewed community gardeners and community gardening activists and discussed with them the early days of the modern community gardening movement in New York City. The time period stretches from the late 1970's to the early 2000's. I turned these interviews into a total of 8 audio podcasts thus far. The people that were interviewed were either colleagues from my time working at Council on the Environment and then GrowNYC or community gardeners who I worked with on projects at their gardens. There are a number of other people who I wish to interview but it does take a bit of organizing to arrange an interview and then to edit those interviews into a podcast. Most of the editing was to remove tangents or asides that may not have been relevant. I can't claim to have put together a definitive history but the stories that are told and the events described in these interviews are good starting point for anyone who wants to know about this time period or to write about these people or events.

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The first podcast was with Gerard Lordahl, the Director of what was called the Open Space Greening Program at GrowNYC when I worked there. Gerard and I worked together for 31 years from 1986 to 2017 and the interview includes some reminiscing while recounting the history. This episode was published January 31, 2021 and contains notes and links to groups mentioned in the interview. The episode is 48 minutes long and is very creatively called Community Gardening Part 1

                                                Lenny Librizzi and Gerard Lordahl in 1986

https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/ecobytes/episodes/Community-Gardening-Part-1-epapab 

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In the second podcast published on March 9, 2021, I tell the story of a visit I made to a community garden on Staten Island called Olivet Heavenly Harvest Community Garden. Many of the gardeners are cancer survivors and they have created a unique and beautiful garden together. It is one of the most inspiring stories about a community garden and shows the social impact of community gardening. This episode is a little over 8 and a half minutes long and is called Community Garden Spotlight - Olivet Heavenly Harvest Community Garden.

                                           Kelly Morris at the Olivet Heavenly Harvest Garden

https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/ecobytes/episodes/Community-Garden-Spotlight-Olivet-Heavenly-Harvest-Garden-ertomk 

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The third and fourth podcasts were published on April 3 and April 5, 2021. They were the  two parts of an interview with Jane Weissman who was the Director of GreenThumb, New York City's Municipal  Community Gardening Program, from 1984 to 1998. Jane has many stories to tell about the inner workings of New York City agencies and how the program developed from simply leasing land to community groups to providing an array of materials and services. Jane was part of a group of advocates that helped preserve community gardens from being bulldozed. The episodes highlight the contributions of several women and were titled Community Gardens- Strong Women, approximately 25 minutes long and Community Gardens - Strong Women Conclusion which is 35 minutes long. The second part is a retelling of the threats faced by community gardens from then Mayor Giuliani. In this episode Jane mentions these 2 volumes of stories told by the gardeners. Here are the links to the .pdf documents. 

City Farmers:Tales from the Field⁠ and ⁠Tales From the Field II

                                                     Lenny Librizzi and Jane Weissman

⁠https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/ecobytes/episodes/Community-Gardens---Strong-Women-ett1n2 

https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/ecobytes/episodes/Community-Gardens--Strong-Women-Conclusion-eu880f

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The next podcasts were published on June 29, 2021 and are three parts of an interview with Ena McPherson. Ena is a community gardener / activist in Bedford Stuyvesant, Brooklyn. In the first part Ena talks about her early influences and how she became involved in community gardening by helping to create and preserve community gardens in her community. The first part is called Community Gardens: An Interview with Ena McPherson and is 24 and a half minutes long.

 The second part is called Community Gardens: Hattie Carthan as Told by Ena McPherson and is 13 minutes and 30 seconds long. Ena tells us about Hattie Carthan who pioneered urban forestry and urban agriculture in her community She was an advocate for Environmental Justice before that term was used. Ms. Carthan was an inspiration for all community gardeners. 

The third part of this interview is titled Community Gardens, Conclusion of an interview with Ena McPherson and is a little over 33 minutes long. In this episode Ena recounts how she created a community garden with young people and her work to preserve this garden. I played a small part in this effort by working with teens to install a rainwater harvesting system.

Ena McPherson

https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/ecobytes/episodes/Community-Gardens--An-interview-with-Ena-McPherson-e13jmt3

https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/ecobytes/episodes/Community-Gardens-Hattie-Carthan-as-told-by-Ena-Mcpherson-e13l2as

https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/ecobytes/episodes/Community-Gardens--Conclusion-of-an-interview-with-Ena-Mcpherson-e13lbg0

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The eighth episode of this oral history of Community Gardens in New York City was published on November 2, 2023. It is titled East New York Farms and is approximately 46 minutes long. We recorded the episode in the Herbal Garden in East New York, Brooklyn and it is an interview with community gardener Johana Willins and former Cornell Cooperative Extension agent, John Ameroso. Johana and John were the visionary founders of East New York Farms, a community based farmers market, founded in the 1990's on a bare bones budget. The market continues to operate and helped pave the way for the many local neighborhood craft / produce markets so prevalent today. Note that there is construction noise in the background during this podcast. It was a difficult podcast to coordinate and unfortunately the day we chose to record was the day the streets surrounding the garden were being repaved.

                                                       John Ameroso and Johana Willens

https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/ecobytes/episodes/East-New-York-Farms-e2bd7e0

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More episodes / interviews will be recorded soon as I make an effort to to preserve the voices and rich history of community gardens in New York City. 

More Than a Bike Ride

 This weekend I took a bike ride. That is not an unusual event but in this case it was a bike tour of community gardens. It was called a Queens waterfront garden tour because of the proximity of the gardens to the waterfront. This day, July 16, 2022 also happened to be City of Water Day in NYC and many events were scheduled throughout the city to highlight the 578 miles of waterfront and the rivers, lakes and ocean that can be found within and bordering the city. Three of the 4 gardens we visited were less than 1000 feet from the closest body of water, although actual access to the water was non existent or treacherous. A number of folks in attendance have been promoting the idea of providing public access to the waterfront, maybe not for swimming but definitely for kayaking or canoeing or for strolling along waterfront esplanades. This day I was able to combine three of my passions: bicycling, gardening and getting onto the water.

My day started early as getting from my home on Staten Island to northwest Queens required biking, taking a ferry and then riding over the Brooklyn Bridge and then an additional 6 miles following bike lanes around the Brooklyn Navy Yard, through the Williamsburg and Greenpoint waterfronts and over the Pulaski bridge into Queens. I would estimate that almost 90 percent of the ride was on protected or separated bike lanes. At least in these areas, NYC has done a good job of providing bike infrastructure.

My destination was Smiling Hogshead Ranch Community Garden where the tour would start. It seems that when the gardeners were first clearing the site they unearthed a pig skeleton which inspired the name. This site is located on top of railroad tracks which surface at points in the garden. The area was a major industrial location for many years. I was quite amazed by how beautiful the garden looked as I had originally seen it not long after the pig skeleton was found amid the weeds, trash and highly compacted soil  11 years ago.  I cheekily called it the Low Line - a Queens bargain version of the multimillion dollar Manhattan High Line. 

There were banana trees that one gardener told me come back year after year and were interplanted with rose bushes - maybe not a usual companion planting. I also found fig trees, a pawpaw tree and grapes which some of the children were sampling as they stood on the picnic tables to be able to reach the fruit. There was a large vine trained into a topiary animal with shaded seating underneath. 

One garden bed was filled with prickly pear cactus and there was enough swiss chard ready for harvesting to feed hundreds of people. Several Elderberry shrubs were flowering and another gardener pointed out that a raised bed had been fashioned by weaving elderberry branches together.  The bed was full of shiso (Perilla frutescens) plants and elderberry leaves were sprouting from the woven branches.

Several rainwater capture systems were scattered around the site. Capturing and utilizing rainwater is an important component of protecting the waters surrounding the city.  Gardener Gil Lopez told me they could use a larger capture area and larger opaque tank in addition to the smaller systems they had cobbled together. 

They just might get that and other support as the local Councilwoman Julie Won and the NYC Parks Commissioner Sue Donoghue took part in the ride. In fact the Commissioner visited all 4 of the gardens and we passed through or alongside several parks that are included in her domain along the ride. The GreenThumb Director Carlos Martinez also completed the entire ride. Carlos has been a long time supporter of rainwater harvesting in community gardens. GreenThumb staff did a great job of leading the tour and keeping everyone safe.

Smiling Hogshead Ranch is located on long defunct railroad tracks that were part of the industrial workings of this area. If you could head west following these tracks they eventually cross over the Dutch Kills close to where it meets Newtown Creek. This would have been the route the industrial materials and products would move in and out of this area to the rest of New York City and the nation. Our bike ride headed east following the hidden tracks to the next stop on the tour, The Long Island City Roots / Firefighter Michael E. Brennan Memorial Garden. 

Over the years I have spent a considerable amount of time working at this site also built on top of the railroad tracks. While working at GrowNYC,  I wrote and received an EPA grant that paid for the installation of a shade structure and rainwater harvesting system which was built during the summer of 2006. As any good garden structure, it has several uses including as a seating area for meeting, having lunch or resting from a bike ride. In 2013 I also assisted in expanding the garden westward with a deck area, raised beds for growing vegetables, a composting area and a location for beehives.

Over the years I worked very closely with gardener Noah Kaufman coordinating the projects. Noah welcomed the bike riders and gave remarks detailing the industrial and gardening history of the site. In addition to the vegetable area, the garden has a lawn area, several patio / seating areas and extensive ornamental plantings including a beautiful trumpet vine. The garden is literally a 200 foot stones throw to the end of the Dutch Kills. There is room for a plaza and a kayak / canoe launch site here which Noah and others are advocating to be built. 

The next part of the ride entailed navigating across busy Queens Boulevard onto Queens Plaza, thankfully with separated bike lanes most of the way to our next stop, The Windmill Garden. This small relatively new garden is almost a mile from the East River but is in an area lacking in open space. 

                               

They also have a rainwater collection system installed in 2020 highlighting the importance of community gardens in helping mitigate the effects of storms on the city waste treatment system. Though small, the garden has a mix of ornamental and edible plantings including purple coneflower, Japanese maple trees, birch trees and roses. At one point a cucumber was harvested and given to one of the riders.

The last leg of our ride brought us to the Two Coves Community Garden, a large site where several streets form a large triangle intersection. The garden has asphalt paved paths, numerous seating areas, plantings of all kinds and an extensive composting operation. Several gardeners welcomed the riders with applause as we completed our 4 mile bicycling marathon. The garden is within 800 feet of the waterfront and also very close to Astoria Houses public housing and is well used by the community.

I set off retracing my steps back to Staten Island but a headwind had picked up and storm clouds were gathering to the north so I rode to the NYC Ferry stop in Long Island City and took the ferry from there to Wall street in Manhattan. It was City of Water day after all so why not add an East River Ferry ride to my Staten Island ferry trips.

When I think and write about community gardens I want to make connections between and among the gardens and other issues. I see community gardens as a microcosm of the larger city and the benefits the gardens provide are varied and extensive. The community development that happens in and around the gardens is most important. Other environmental benefits from composting, to storm water management, to air and noise pollution control to wildlife habitat are also benefits that the casual observer of a community garden might not see.

This day spent in these 4 community gardens far exceeded my expectation as a seasoned community garden observer. Connections were made to our industrial past and our railroad history and our waterfront teeming with opportunities to utilize the waterfront for recreation, relaxation, travel and commerce. The water capturing ability of the gardens will continue to be important in our wet, warming future. Community gardens can be part of the growing bicycling infrastructure with possibilities for secure bike parking around or near gardens and potential rest stops for those on longer bike rides. My 20 mile bike ride turned into much more than just a bike ride.

  

Revisiting Empty Common Community Garden

 "We have a Sichuan Pepper Tree. Have you ever tasted one? It makes your mouth go numb." Lileng, my tour guide to  the Empty Common Community Garden picked off a tiny pepper and handed it to me. Once you bite down on the seed it releases a citrusy flavor and gradually a slight, pleasant numbness to your lips and mouth.  

The Sichuan Pepper Tree

This was my second visit to this garden located in Cambridge, England. On my first visit 4 years ago there weren't any gardeners around so this time I was happy to find several gardeners present. They were working on building a hut where gardeners could meet protected from the rain and cold. Charlotte, Lileng and Callum were anchoring the sill to the concrete block foundation. When I inquired about funding for the hut Charlotte told me, "We got grants from Cambridge City Council, The National Lottery via Transition Network, we are a part of Transition Cambridge and the Co-op Community Fund which the co-op shops donate to local causes."

Lileng, Callum and Charlotte



The garden has matured a bit since my last visit. It was started in 2013, so some of the trees are maturing and the perennial plantings are becoming well established. An herb spiral is one of the focal points of the garden and spot to fly the Earth flag.

The plantings surrounding a semicircular log seating area are filling in nicely. Even though I visited after the peak growing season it was a bright sunny day and the beauty in the garden was everywhere.

The plots are all communal and the group decides what to plant and the harvest is also shared and sometimes poached by night visitors including muntjac deer that stop by in the evening to browse. Other pests are also a presence and Lieng pointed out netting and plastic rings used around the Pak Choi to deter flea beetles and snails. 

The garden is located at the edge of an allotment garden. Allotments are found in England and other places in Europe and serve as remote backyards for urban dwellers. They are usually rented or sometimes purchased from the municipality. The Allotment gardens are much different from community gardens like this one where everyone shares the work and harvest of the whole garden. When I asked garden leader Charlotte if the gardeners paid rent or fee she told me, "There is no fee. People tend to buy things we need as they come up, some give money occasionally and one person gives us money monthly by direct debit. "

This quarter acre garden has 15 active members and an email list of about 80 people who are interested in the garden or support what the gardeners are doing. Much like community gardens everywhere non- gardening groups use the garden space. Others that regularly use the Empty Common garden include a a Tai Chi group, a poetry group and a group called Woodcraft Folk.

There are a few existing structures in the garden including a shed, hoop house and composting toilet which I made use of during my visit. A lot of the materials used in the garden are found or recycled. Everything from the leaves and organic matter which is turned into compost, to sticks and twigs used for supports on a bean trellis to some of the materials being used in building the new meeting hut that were salvaged from a temporary structure that was dismantled.

 This garden is a wonderful example of all that a community garden can be.  A common ground for people to meet and share ideas and share the effort of improving the land we inhabit. The gardeners use of permaculture techniques makes sure there is habitat for creatures both large and small while providing food for the gardener's bodies and souls.

More information about Empty Common  Community Garden can be found on their blog 

  

  

Renewal

I visited the Olivet Heavenly Harvest Garden in the middle of the Coronavirus pandemic on a bright sunny day in June 2020.  Punctuating  the lively socially distanced conversations taking place was the chop chop sound of ice choppers and spades being used to reduce the size of the compostable material to help speed up the composting process. The raised beds were lush with all types of vegetables, most of which was destined for distribution to  local food pantries. This was a necessary change made by the gardeners to safely garden in the time of the pandemic. In 2020, 1650 pounds of vegetables were donated to pantries run by a local Methodist Church, Community Health Action of Staten Island, El Centro, the Refrigerator, The Schoenstatt Sisters of Mary and a soup kitchen at Project Hospitality. This list only highlights the number of people who are food insecure.

In a normal season, produce is  given away each Saturday to people in the community. The gardeners roll out a covered produce stand built by volunteers recruited by Ralph, a young gardener, as his Eagle Scout project. The gardeners don't have to advertise their giveaways. With just word of mouth in the neighborhood, the vegetables are often all given away before the 10 am to 1 pm hours are over. They have regular Saturday visitors including one woman who loves green tomatoes and would always request them. In addition to tomatoes they grew garlic, okra, bok choy, collard greens, lettuce, beans and cucumbers.

Having visited community gardens throughout the US as well as in England and Sweden, I've seen many types of community gardens. The Olivet Heavenly Harvest Garden inspired me more than any other. There is a very active multi-generational group of gardeners here. Many of them are cancer survivors. They are all supportive of each other’s circumstances but from what I saw there were no limits on the work or activities going on. 

This winter, when I visited a small group of three of the most active gardeners, Kelly, John and Mike, they rattled off all of the types of cancers represented in their group; colon, liver, prostate, ovarian, breast and skin cancers. They sometimes would see each other at doctor's offices. As Mike told me,"We are good for 6 months until our semi annual checkups" In between doctor visits they spend their time creating an amazing garden.

They have a unique way of organizing the garden. The plots are "rented " to local people who can afford it for $100. The core group of gardeners tend the plots for the renters who will get a head of lettuce or a tomato or two from time to time but the largest share of the produce is donated. This coming season they plan to grow 2000 pounds of produce by utilizing a space to grow onions and potatoes down the block in the backyard of the house used by the minister. 

The garden is located on the grounds of Olivet Presbyterian Church on Staten Island. In highly developed cities like New York, very little municipal land is available for planting community gardens, so land owned by churches, mosques or synagogues is being used more and more often. This is a perfect example of that trend. 

The unique characteristics of the space surrounding the church were taken into consideration in the layout of the garden’s plantings and activities. A retaining wall was used for cascading cucumber vines to make use of vertical spaces. Dotting the garden are repurposed pop up awnings minus the shade covering being used as trellises for climbing pole beans. The vegetables are grown within a fenced in area but the gardeners neatly tend the landscaping outside the fence with flowering plantings. One area surrounding the church steps is lovingly tended by Kelly as a Memorial Garden. The garden is also used as a location for plant and tree giveaways sponsored by city agencies and others.

They spend a bunch of time processing food scraps to be worked into the composting systems they have set up. The chopped up food scraps are composted into the only soil amendment they use on the vegetable plots. In fact they have a bin set up outside the garden gates to accept food scraps 24 hours a day. On the day I visited they were meeting to discuss accepting more food scraps from other collecting sites. The city of New York has unfortunately cut the municipal composting budget by 90%. Community gardeners and other volunteers are pitching in to do the work that should be done by city agencies. The gardeners did not seem to care about budget cuts although they mentioned that donations and volunteers are always welcome. As John told me, "Here it is about us and every year we make the garden a little better"

Community Building

In the course of a Thanksgiving Day conversation with my cousin, the subject of Rudy Giuliani came up. These days he is very much in the news as a key figure in the Donald Trump impeachment inquiry. People who are familiar with the happenings in the late 1990's in the community gardening world know Mr. Giuliani in a much different context, so I recounted this story to my cousin.

At Giuliani's second inauguration on January 1, 1997, protesters unfurled a banner protesting the loss of a community garden. He made light of it in his remarks as the protesters were hauled away but afterward sought to punish the protesters by attempting to get rid of as many community gardens as he could. Over the course of the next year, community garden properties on city owned land were placed into an auction of vacant properties. These community gardens were far from vacant and no distinction was made between a thriving, active garden and a fallow, inactive one. Approximately 120 gardens were scheduled to be auctioned in May, 1999.

This group of gardens ended up being purchased and preserved as community gardens by the Trust for Public Land (TPL) and the New York Restoration Project (NYRP). Giuliani's vendetta had the unexpected (by him) effect of galvanizing the community gardeners to protest and organize to save the gardens. In fact, the notoriety of a possible loss of 120 community gardens in NYC at one time, became worldwide news with articles appearing in the New York Times, the Washington Post and even European newspapers. Had he sold off the gardens one by one, the critical mass of activist community gardeners affected by this maneuver would not have been formed.

All of a sudden what was a "fringe" movement was now known by the general public. People were now aware what community gardens were and how beneficial they were to the communities where they were located. This helped TPL and NYRP to fundraise over $5.3 million for the purchase of the garden properties. My cheeky comment to my cousin was that Rudy Giuliani deserves a reward from the community gardeners for popularizing community gardening so they no longer had to explain what a community garden was when they mentioned to someone that they are a community gardener.

At the time there were many other truly vacant lots that could have been auctioned and helped the city toward the stated goal of shrinking government. That $5.3 million could have supported programs in the community gardens and the community gardener's efforts. This time of antagonism between the city government and it's community gardening citizens did not have to create a climate of mistrust that still lingers even though subsequent Mayors Bloomberg and DiBlasio were more supportive.

The political outlook that conflates Socialism with Communism with Community with Community Gardens is mistaken. Community Gardeners for the most part are not  Communists or Socialists or Democratic Socialists. They are people who are doing something good for the community and for themselves. Although a famous Democratic Socialist, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez has a community garden plot in a garden in the Bronx.

Community Gardens can be looked at as a microcosm of the larger society. Now I might add that community gardens and programs that support composting, job creation and healthy living using community gardens as the staging area for all these to happen sounds a lot like the platform of the Democratic Socialists. But the community gardeners don't call it that. In Cleveland, a group called Rid-All is tackling the problems of inequality and poor health in the community. They call it building community. There are other examples of community building groups like Rid-All in New York City, Detroit, Philadelphia and other cities.

When asked about community gardeners protesting the loss of their garden, Rudy Giuliani's reply was "Welcome to the era after communism". Yes, welcome to the era of community building.

Soil Not Dirt

Recently I attended the 3rd Annual Urban Soils Symposium. Scientists are looking at urban soils as a distinct field of study that has nomenclature and characteristics different from soil science in general. I have written blog posts about soils in urban gardens outlining the awareness urban gardeners must have about the soil in their gardens. The presenters at the symposium and the questions and comments from attendees were often targeted to the urban soil issues of heavy metal contamination and what could be done. The blog post linked above gives detail about precautions to be taken. As with many issues when you get 2 or more experts discussing a topic you will have at least as many opinions as discussants. In this case the opinions ranged from - there is nothing you can do to outlining precautions that have been recommended by many scientists. The point is that there is more research to be done and that we don't have all of the answers.

Soil, water, seeds and sunlight are the essential ingredients for growing anything. Growing plants in urban areas maybe have a more difficult time with all of these factors but gardeners have always grown lush gardens in urban areas. The point for me is that we can't look at any of these factors in a vacuum. It doesn't help to look at these factors as a chicken or egg question - what comes first? It doesn't really matter what comes first if you see them all as interrelated and interdependent on each other. We can plant a seed in the soil, water the seed and let the sunshine do the job of providing the light and heat the seed requires to grow. The problems arise when one of the factors is out of balance. Too much rain, not enough rain, too much or not enough sunshine or non-viable seed are easily understandable problems usually with simple fix.

The issues with soils are much more complex and often not easily remedied. Commercial agriculture's quick fix is to just add 3 nutrients Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (NPK) to soil to grow crops. This ignores the fact that healthy soil is a living thing. Besides NPK, soils contain many micronutrients, sand, gravel, loam and living organisms both micro-organisms and larger insects. Unfortunately soils also contain poisons such as pesticides and herbicides that usually throw off the natural life in the soil. Urban soils have human made materials that make these soils unique. The important thing to remember is that we have to pay attention to our soils and be caretakers of the soil.

Community Gardeners might just consider Soil as another member of the garden community. The Soil doesn't have a voice although we tend to pay attention to the Soil only when there is a problem. A better way is to cultivate a relationship with the Soil. Give the soil compost to help it replenish its nutrients. Plant things that encourage insects, pollinators and mycelium growth to encourage the health of the soil. It is a Native American custom to give gifts back to the earth as thanks whenever something is taken from it. We should all be adopting this practice. We have to stop treating our soil like dirt.